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Paecilomyces variotii
''Paecilomyces variotii'' is a common environmental mold that is widespread in composts, soils and food products. It is known from substrates including food, indoor air, wood, soil and carpet dust.〔〔〔 ''Paecilomyces variotii'' is the asexual state of ''Byssochlamys spectabilis'', a member of the Phylum Ascomycota (Family Trichocomaceae).〔 However, the ''Byssochlamys'' state is rarely observed in culture due to the heterothallic nature of this species (i.e., it requires culturing of positive and negative strains in co-culture to produce the teleomorph). ''Paecilomyces variotii'' is fast growing, producing powdery to suede-like in colonies that are yellow-brown or sand-colored.〔 It is distinguishable from microscopically from similar microfungi, such as the biverticillate members of the genus ''Penicillium'' (affiliated with the genus ''Talaromyces'') by its broadly ellipsoidal to lemon-shaped conidia, loosely branched conidiophores and phialides with pointed tips. Ascospores of the sexual state, ''B. spectabilis'', are strongly heat-resistant. As such, the fungus is a common contaminant of heat-treated foods and juices.〔 It is also known from decaying wood and creosote-treated wood utility poles.〔〔 ''Paecilomyces variotii'' has been associated with a number of infective diseases of humans and animals.〔 It is also an important indoor environmental contaminant.〔
==Morphology==
The colonies are usually flat, powdery to suede-like and funiculose or tufted.〔 The color is initially white, and becomes yellow, yellow-brown, or sand-colored as they mature. A sweet aromatic odor may be associated with older cultures.〔 Colonies of ''P. variotii'' are fast growing and mature within 3 days. Colonies grown on Sabouraud's dextrose agar reach about 7–8 mm after one week. Colonies on CYA are flat, floccose in texture, produce brown or olive brown from conidia, and range in diameter from 30-79 mmn in one week.〔 Colonies on malt extract agar reach 70 mm diameter or more, otherwise very similar in appearance to those on CYA. Colonies on G25N media reach 8–16 mm diameter, similar to on CYA but with predominantly white mycelium. Microscopically, the spore-bearing structures of ''P. variotii'' consist of a loosely branched,〔 irregularly brush-like conidiophores with phialides at the tips.〔〔 The phialides are swollen at the base, and gradually taper to a sharp point at the tip.〔 Conidia are single-celled, hyaline, and are borne in chains with the youngest at the base.〔 Chlamydospores (thick-walled vegetative resting structures) are occasionally produced singly or in short chains.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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